‹ Episodes
Ep. 9Two Brothers Who Went South
EN
Episode 9

Two Brothers Who Went South

The founding of Baekje · 18 BCE
Scroll down ↓
🎧 It’s more vivid with sound.
Wind, campfire and river sounds change with every scene, and the music follows the story.
Previously

Jumong, who founded Goguryeo, married Soseono in Jolbon and had two sons, Biryu and Onjo. But Yuri, another son he had left behind in Buyeo, found the piece of a broken sword his father had hidden and set out for Jolbon.

Characters

OnjoThe younger brother.
The hero of this story
BiryuThe elder brother.
He dreams of the sea
SoseonoMother of the two brothers
JumongFounding king of Goguryeo
YuriJumong’s son,
come from Buyeo

A young man came from Buyeo and knelt before the king.

JumongFounding king of GoguryeoBiryuElder brotherOnjoYounger brother
YuriI have brought the piece of the sword you left behind, Father.

When it was put against the piece the king took from his robe, the broken sword fit together perfectly.

JumongHe is my son! From this day on, Yuri is crown prince!
Biryu…Crown prince?
OnjoBrother…

The crown prince was the one who would succeed the king. Now this kingdom would belong to Yuri, their half-brother from Buyeo.

SoseonoMother of the two brothers
BiryuYou gave everything you had to help build this kingdom, Mother!
BiryuAnd now it all goes to Yuri?!

Jolbon, eighteen years earlier. When Jumong founded his kingdom, Soseono, daughter of Yeon Ta-bal, gave her family’s wealth without holding anything back.

BiryuRather than live here like a wart, let’s take you and go south, Mother!
SoseonoI have built a kingdom once before.
Why not a second time?
Onjo…Farewell, Jolbon.

Soseono and her two sons set out for the south. Ten retainers, including Ogan and Maryeo, and many common people followed them.

BiryuHurry! The current’s getting stronger!
OnjoGot you!
Don’t let go!

Over mountains and across rivers, south and further south.

At last they climbed a mountain overlooking a great river.

Buaak (today’s Bukhansan), a mountain overlooking the Han River. The brothers climbed to the top to look for land for their capital.

BiryuLook over there, the sea!
Let’s build our kingdom by the sea!
Ogan, a retainerNo, my lord!
Look at the land south of that river.
北North東East南South西West
To the north, the Han River wraps around it like a sash;
to the east, it rests against high mountains;
to the south, it looks out over fertile plains;
and to the west, the great sea shields it.

The ten retainers spoke as one.

It is a fortress made by Heaven. Make your capital here!

BiryuNo! I’m going to the sea. Whoever will, follow me!
OnjoBrother… I will stay here by this river.

The brothers divided the people between them. The elder went to Michuhol by the sea, the younger to the land south of the river.

BiryuFarewell, little brother!
OnjoBrother, please take care of yourself…

And so the two brothers went their separate ways.

Onjo made his capital at Wiryeseong, south of the Han River.

OnjoTen retainers helped me, so this kingdom shall be called ‘Sipje’!

His father, Jumong, had died in Jolbon the previous autumn. Onjo built a shrine in Wirye to his father, King Dongmyeong.

OnjoFather… we have founded a kingdom too.

Meanwhile, at Michuhol by the sea, where the elder brother, Biryu, had settled.

Ptui! It’s salty!
Biryu…Dig another well.

Seawater seeped into the ground, so the land was always waterlogged, and the well water was salty.

BiryuThe fields are flooded again…

It was not a land where people could live in comfort.

BiryuDon’t go… Don’t go!
We can’t live
on this land…

Some time later, Biryu went to Wirye, which his younger brother ruled.

BiryuThe capital stands firm… and the people live in peace.
OnjoBrother!
Biryu…You’ve done well, little brother. I… am ashamed.
OnjoBrother, please take care of yourself…

Consumed by shame and regret, the elder brother eventually died.

BiryuLook over there, the sea!

All the retainers and people who had followed his brother came to Wirye.

OnjoWelcome. From now on, we are all people of one kingdom.

From the ten retainers’ ‘Sipje’ (十濟) to the people’s ‘Baekje’ (百濟).

百濟
OnjoThe people have gladly followed me, so this kingdom shall be called ‘Baekje’!

Years went by, and it was spring of the thirteenth year since Onjo had become king.

SoseonoWell done… you’ve built a second kingdom too.
OnjoMother…

His mother, Soseono, closed her eyes for the last time at the age of sixty-one.

South of the Han River lay Mahan, a league of states that had settled there before Baekje.

When Onjo put up a palisade at Ungcheon on his southern border,

an envoy from Mahan came rushing.

Mahan envoyOur king gave you a hundred li of land!
And now you put up a palisade and eye our land? Is this how you keep faith?
Onjo…He is right. Tear down the palisade.
BiryuFarewell, little brother!
OnjoBrother… today, too, this river flows to your sea.

Even today, the river flows to that sea.

In the spring of 28 CE, King Onjo died.

The small kingdom on the Han River
went on to last more than 600 years.

End of Episode 9

History Notes

The scenes in this story are based on these records and sites.

  1. There Are Several Records

    In the main text of the Samguk Sagi, Onjo founded Baekje, and his mother was the second daughter of the king of Jolbon. In another version recorded alongside it, his mother is Soseono and his birth father is Utae. When Jumong dies and Yuri becomes king, the elder brother, Biryu, takes their mother south and founds a kingdom. It is this version that says Soseono poured her wealth into helping found Goguryeo, and that has Biryu speak of living like a ‘wart.’ A version following Chinese histories, with Gutae as the founder, is recorded too, and Kim Bu-sik wrote that he could not tell which was right. This episode weaves the first two versions together.

    Samguk Sagi, Baekje Annals, King Onjo
  2. Ten Retainers: From Sipje to Baekje

    Ten retainers, including Ogan and Maryeo, supported Onjo like a pair of wings, and the kingdom’s first name was Sipje (十濟). Later, because the people gladly followed, it was renamed Baekje (百濟). Since the royal family, like Goguryeo’s, was said to have come from Buyeo, it took ‘Buyeo’ as its surname.

    Samguk Sagi, Baekje Annals, King Onjo
  3. Where Are Buaak and Michuhol Today?

    Many believe that Buaak, the mountain the brothers climbed, is today’s Bukhansan. The name is said to come from the rock of Insubong Peak, which looks like someone carrying a baby on their back. Michuhol, where Biryu went, is today’s Incheon. In 2018, Incheon’s Nam-gu district took this old name and became ‘Michuhol-gu.’

  4. Pungnap-dong Earthen Fortress, Seoul — Baekje’s walls, still standing among apartment blocksPungnap Earthen Fortress · Songpa-gu, Seoul

    Where Was Wiryeseong?

    Pungnap Earthen Fortress in Songpa-gu, Seoul, drew attention in 1997 when Baekje artifacts poured out of an apartment construction site. Its original circumference is thought to have been more than 3.5 kilometers, and it is regarded as the royal fortress of Hanseong-period Baekje. However, the Samguk Sagi also has a passage saying that a dozen or so years after the founding, the capital was moved ‘south of the Han River,’ so opinions are still divided on where the first Wiryeseong was.

  5. A cross-section of the Pungnap Earthen Fortress wall, reconstructed at the Hanseong Baekje MuseumCross-section of the Pungnap Earthen Fortress wall · Hanseong Baekje Museum

    Walls of Rammed Earth

    The walls of Pungnap Earthen Fortress were built up layer by layer, by pouring in earth and pounding it down over and over. This method of packing earth inside wooden frames is called panchuk, or rammed earth. The finished walls are thought to have been more than 40 meters wide and at least 11 meters high. Walls this big were not built all at once but enlarged by adding to them several times. Many date the start of construction to around the 3rd century, though some scholars place it earlier.

  6. Tomb No. 3, Seokchon-dong Tombs, SeoulTomb No. 3, Seokchon-dong Tombs

    Tombs That Resemble Goguryeo’s

    In Seokchon-dong, Seoul, there are large tombs built of stones stacked like steps. They closely resemble Goguryeo’s stepped stone-mound tombs, which fits well with the records saying that Baekje’s royal family shared Goguryeo’s roots. The largest, Tomb No. 3, is about 50 meters on each side and dates to around the 4th century.

  7. Between the Records and Reality

    The Samguk Sagi records that two years after tearing down the palisade, Onjo sent out troops on the pretext of a hunt and absorbed Mahan. But the 3rd-century Chinese history Records of the Three Kingdoms lists ‘Baekje-guk’ (伯濟國) as one of the fifty-odd states of Mahan. So scholars usually date Baekje’s takeover of almost all of Mahan’s territory to the mid-4th century, around the time of King Geunchogo.

    Samguk Sagi · Records of the Three Kingdoms, Book of Wei, “Account of the Eastern Peoples”

Key Words of This Episode

Next episode

Episode 10 · Kings Born from Eggs

Six villages in the land of Jinhan, in the southeast of the Korean Peninsula. On the day a white horse neighs in the woods by a well, a huge egg is found. The story of kings from three clans: Bak, Seok and Kim.

Photo credits

All illustrations in this webtoon are original. Character names and dialogue are imaginative reconstructions based on historical facts and research. Dates and interpretations follow mainstream scholarship; where scholars disagree, the History Notes say so.