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Ep. 7The Archer Born from an Egg
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Episode 7

The Archer Born from an Egg

Buyeo and Jumong · 1st century BCE
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Previously

Wanggeom Fortress, which had held out for nearly a year against the great Han army, fell in 108 BCE, and with it Gojoseon came to an end. But on the wide plains to the north, other kingdoms such as Buyeo lived on.

Characters

YuhwaDaughter of Habaek, the water god.
She tells this story
JumongYuhwa’s son.
A fine archer
King GeumwaKing of East Buyeo.
He took Yuhwa in
DaesoKing Geumwa’s eldest son
HaemosuHe called himself the son
of the King of Heaven

Around the time Gojoseon fell, Buyeo lay on the broad plains along the Songhua River to the north.

The five grains ripened
well again this year!

The people of Buyeo loved to wear white. They farmed the land and raised horses and cattle.

In the twelfth month, people from all over the kingdom gathered to offer rites to Heaven, then ate, drank, sang and danced for days on end.

DrummerIt’s Yeonggo! Beat the drums
and welcome Heaven!

This festival was called ‘Yeonggo.’ On this day, even those locked in prison were set free.

In this land of Buyeo, there was a story handed down for ages.

The story of a child born from an egg,
and of his mother.

The Tale of Jumong

The story of Goguryeo’s founder, as told in the Samguk Sagi and Yi Gyu-bo’s “Lay of King Dongmyeong”

Long ago lived Haeburu, an old king who had no son. One day his horse looked at a great stone beside the pond and shed tears.

HaeburuHeaven has given
me a son!

Under the stone was a child who looked like a golden frog. The king named him ‘Geumwa’ (Golden Frog) and raised him.

Later, the chief minister Aranbul urged that the capital be moved, saying it was the will of Heaven.

Haeburu moved to Gaseobwon on the eastern coast and named his kingdom ‘East Buyeo.’ When he died, Geumwa took the throne.

And in the old capital they had left behind,
a man appeared who called himself the son of the King of Heaven.

HaemosuSelf-styled son of the King of Heaven
HaemosuI am the son of
the King of Heaven!

The “Lay of King Dongmyeong” says he came down riding a chariot drawn by five dragons.

YuhwaI am Yuhwa, daughter of Habaek, the water god. One day, when I went out to play by the water with my younger sisters, I met him.

YuhwaHabaek’s daughter
HaemosuI am the son of
the King of Heaven.

YuhwaHe lured me away to a house by the Yalu, below Mount Ungsim.

YuhwaThen he left, and never came back.

YuhwaMy parents scolded me for following a man without a matchmaker, and drove me out to Ubalsu.

YuhwaBy the waters of Ubalsu, I met King Geumwa of East Buyeo.

King GeumwaKing of East Buyeo
King GeumwaWho are you,
and why are you here alone?
YuhwaI am Yuhwa,
daughter of Habaek.

YuhwaKing Geumwa thought me strange, and shut me away in a room deep inside the palace.

YuhwaBut sunlight came into the room and shone on me.

YuhwaWhen I moved away, the sunlight followed and shone on me again.

YuhwaAfter that I was with child, and I laid an egg. It was a huge egg, as big as a vessel that holds five measures of grain.

King GeumwaA human laying an egg?
What unnatural thing is this!
King GeumwaThrow it to
the dogs and pigs!

YuhwaBut neither the dogs nor the pigs would eat it.

Throw it out
on the road!

YuhwaThe cattle and horses stepped around it rather than trample it.

Leave it out
in the fields!

YuhwaBirds flew down and covered it with their wings.

King GeumwaSmash it!

YuhwaBut the egg would not break.

YuhwaThe king gave the egg back to me. I wrapped it in cloth and kept it in a warm place.

YuhwaLittle one, Mama will
keep you safe and warm.

YuhwaAt last, a baby boy broke through the shell.

YuhwaThe baby held my finger tight. That day, for the first time, I wept out loud.

The “Lay of King Dongmyeong” says the baby spoke before he was even a month old.

Baby JumongMother, the flies bite my eyes
and I can’t sleep.
Please make me
a bow and arrows!

YuhwaWhen I made him a bow of bush clover, the baby hit every fly on the spinning wheel that he shot at.

The child grew up fast and strong. At seven, he made his own bow and arrows,

and whenever he shot, he hit the mark a hundred times out of a hundred.

In the language of Buyeo, a fine archer
was called ‘jumong.’

King Geumwa had seven sons. The princes always spent time with Jumong, but none of them could match his skill.

King GeumwaDaesoKing Geumwa’s eldest sonJumongYuhwa’s son
The princesDead center again…
DaesoJumong was not born
of a human.
If we don’t get rid of him early,
he will bring great disaster later.

The king did not heed him. Instead, he set Jumong to tending the horses.

JumongA descendant of the King of Heaven,
tending another man’s horses…
I would be better off dead.
I want to found a kingdom in the south,
but because of you, Mother,
I can’t bring myself to leave.

YuhwaIt was the very thing I had been agonizing over day and night.

YuhwaA long journey needs a good horse. I took up a long whip and went to the stables.

YuhwaDid you see? That red horse!

Jumong deliberately underfed the swift horse to make it thin. The slow horses he fed well and fattened up.

JumongJust bear with it a little longer.

Looking over the stables, the king was delighted to see the fat horses.

King GeumwaThe fat horses
I will ride.
That scrawny nag
you may keep.
Jumong…Yes,
Your Majesty.

Without a word, Jumong took the reins.

Then he fed and cared for that horse with devotion.

In a post others would have called a humiliation,
Jumong trained his eye for a good horse.

At the hunt, Jumong was given only a few arrows.

The princesAnd he only had
a few arrows…!

Even so, Jumong caught far more game.

YuhwaOnce again the princes and ministers plotted to kill Jumong. I found out about it in secret.

DaesoThis time, we must
be rid of him for good.
YuhwaThe people of this kingdom
mean to harm you.
With your talents,
you can make a life anywhere.
Rather than linger here
and suffer disgrace,
go far away
and do great things.

YuhwaI bit my lip so as not to cry.

YuhwaMy son still could not bring himself to go. I wrapped up seeds of the five grains and pressed them into his hand.

Oi, Mari and HyeopboThree friends who left with Jumong
YuhwaDon’t worry about your mother.
With these seeds,
till the land wherever you go.

YuhwaThat night was the last night I spent with my son.

YuhwaHe left the
barley seeds behind…
Go. Take them
to my son.

According to the “Lay of King Dongmyeong,” Jumong was so grief-stricken at parting that he forgot the barley seeds when he left.

Jumong rode south with his three friends, Oi, Mari and Hyeopbo.

Pursuing soldierThere they are! After them!

The torches of the pursuing soldiers drew closer and closer.

OiIt’s a river!
There’s no bridge to cross!
YuhwaGo far away and do great things.

Ahead, a deep river. Behind, the hoofbeats of the pursuers.

Jumong cried out to the river.

End of Episode 7

History Notes

The scenes in this story are based on these records and sites.

  1. The Songhua River flowing through Jilin CityThe Songhua River flowing through Jilin City

    Buyeo, a Kingdom on the Songhua River

    Buyeo was a kingdom of wide plains where the Songhua River winds. Scholars see the area around today’s Jilin City in China as its heartland, because objects used by the people of Buyeo have been found in old fortress sites and tombs nearby. Already a kingdom by around the 2nd century BCE, Buyeo lasted more than 600 years, until it was absorbed into Goguryeo in 494.

  2. The King, the Four ‘Ga,’ and Strict Laws

    Buyeo had a king, but the Maga, Uga, Jeoga and Guga, named after the horse, ox, pig and dog, each governed their own territory (the Sachuldo); a great ga ruled several thousand households and a lesser ga several hundred. When the harvest failed, the king was held responsible, and some even called for him to be replaced. The laws were strict: a thief had to repay twelve times what he stole (the twelvefold-repayment law), and when war broke out, people slaughtered an ox and told fortunes by whether its hooves were split or joined.

    Records of the Three Kingdoms, Book of Wei, “Account of the Eastern Peoples”
  3. Two Records

    The story of Jumong is told in detail in the Samguk Sagi, compiled by Kim Bu-sik in 1145, and in the “Lay of King Dongmyeong,” a long poem written by Yi Gyu-bo in 1193. Yi Gyu-bo explained that he wrote the poem after reading an old history, the Gu Samguksa (Old History of the Three Kingdoms). The baby shooting flies, Yuhwa choosing the horse with her whip, and the doves carrying barley seeds appear only in the “Lay of King Dongmyeong.” Even the trick for making the horse thin differs a little: the Samguk Sagi says Jumong cut back its feed, while the “Lay of King Dongmyeong” says he stuck a needle into the root of its tongue.

    Samguk Sagi, Goguryeo Annals · “Lay of King Dongmyeong”
  4. The King Born from an Egg

    The founders of Goguryeo, Silla and Gaya are all said to have been born from eggs. The Gwanggaeto Stele, erected in 414, is also inscribed: ‘The founder, King Chumo, came from North Buyeo. He was the son of the King of Heaven, and his mother was the daughter of Habaek. He broke open an egg and came into the world.’ It carries the idea of a child born from the meeting of the son of Heaven and the daughter of the water god, that is, of sun and water, the two things most precious to farming people. And the tale of beasts and birds guarding the egg means that ‘the whole world protected this child.’

    Gwanggaeto Stele · Samguk Sagi, Goguryeo Annals
  5. The Mother Who Became the Buyeo Goddess

    In the “Lay of King Dongmyeong,” after crossing the river, Jumong is resting under a great tree when a pair of doves flies in. ‘The Divine Mother has sent me barley seeds,’ he says, and he brings down both birds with a single arrow, takes out the barley seeds, then sprays the birds with water to revive them and lets them go. In this episode, we drew those doves as birds that Yuhwa herself sent off. Later, Goguryeo had a shrine to the ‘Buyeo Goddess,’ which housed a woman’s figure carved from wood and was said to honor Habaek’s daughter. The mother who sent her son off with seeds of grain in his hand thus became the goddess of a kingdom.

    “Lay of King Dongmyeong” · Book of Zhou, “Account of Goguryeo”
  6. “Hunting Scene” mural, Muyongchong Tomb“Hunting Scene” mural, Muyongchong Tomb

    Archers on Horseback

    On the wall of Muyongchong, a Goguryeo tomb in Ji’an, Jilin Province, China, there is a painting of a hunt with riders shooting arrows at full gallop (the “Hunting Scene”). You can even see a hunter twisting around to shoot backward. Jumong’s descendants took pride in this skill of shooting from horseback.

  7. A traditional Korean archery range todayA traditional Korean archery range today

    Jumong’s Bow, Today’s Bow

    The traditional Korean bow, the ‘gakgung,’ made by gluing together layers of water-buffalo horn, bamboo, mulberry wood and ox sinew, is famous for being small yet powerful. Even today, at archery ranges across the country, people shoot at targets 145 meters away. In the Olympic women’s team archery event, Korea won gold ten times in a row, from 1988 to 2024.

Key Words of This Episode

Next episode

Episode 8 · The Bridge of Fish and Turtles

Fish and turtles rose from the river to form a bridge. Jumong, who founded Goguryeo at Jolbon; an archery contest with Songyang of Biryu, and ‘damul’; and his son Yuri, who came looking for his father carrying a piece of a broken sword.

Photo credits

All illustrations in this webtoon are original. Character names and dialogue are imaginative reconstructions based on historical facts and research. Dates and interpretations follow mainstream scholarship; where scholars disagree, the History Notes say so.